- · Joseph Antoine Ferdinand Plateau (14 October 1801 – 15 September 1883) was a Belgian physicist. He was the first person to demonstrate the illusion of a moving image. To do this he used counter rotating disks with repeating drawn images in small increments of motion on one and regularly spaced slits in the other. He called this device of 1832 the phenakistoscope.
·
William George Horner (1786 – 22 September 1837) was a British mathematician; he was a
schoolmaster, headmaster and schoolkeeper, proficient in classics as well as
mathematics, who wrote extensively on functional equations, number theory and approximation
theory, but also on optics. His contribution to approximation theory is
honoured in the designationHorner's method, in particular
respect of a paper in Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London for 1819. The modern invention of the zoetrope, under the nameDaedaleum in 1834, has been attributed to him.
Horner died comparatively young, before the
establishment of specialist, regular scientific periodicals. So, the way others
have written about him has tended to diverge, sometimes markedly, from his own
prolific, if dispersed, record of publications and the contemporary reception
of them.
·
Charles-Émile Reynaud (8 December 1844 – 9 January 1918) was a French inventor,
responsible for the first projected animated cartoons. Reynaud created the Praxinoscope in
1877 and the Théâtre Optique in December 1888, and on 28 October
1892 he projected the first animated film in public, Pauvre Pierrot, at the Musée Grévin in
Paris. This is also notable as the first known instance of film perforations being used.
Ryanaud's late years were tragic after 1910
when, his creations outmoded by the Cinematograph, dejected and
penniless, he threw the greater part of his irreplaceable work and unique
equipment into the Seine. The public had forgotten his "Théatre
Optique" shows, which had been a celebrated attraction at the Musée Grevin
between 1892 and 1900. He died in a hospice on the banks of the Seine where he
had been cared for since 29 March 1917.
·
Eadweard James Muybridge (/ˌɛdwərd ˈmaɪbrɪdʒ/; 9 April 1830 – 8 May 1904, birth name Edward James
Muggeridge) was an English photographer important for his pioneering work in
photographic studies of motion, and early work in motion-pictureprojection. He adopted
the name Eadweard Muybridge, believing it to be the original Anglo-Saxon form
of his name.
He emigrated to the United States as a young
man and became a bookseller. He returned to England in 1861 and took up
professionalphotography, learning the wet-plate collodion process, and secured at least two British patents for his
inventions. He went back to San Francisco in 1867, and in 1868 his
large photographs of Yosemite Valley made him world famous. Today, Muybridge is known for his
pioneering work on animal locomotion in 1877 and 1878, which used multiple cameras to capture motion in stop-motionphotographs, and his zoopraxiscope, a device for projecting motion pictures that pre-dated the flexible perforated film strip used incinematography.
In 1874 he shot and killed Major Harry
Larkyns, his wife's lover, but was acquitted in a jury trial on the grounds of justifiable homicide. He travelled for more than a year in Central America on a
photographic expedition in 1875.
In the 1880s, Muybridge entered a very
productive period at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, producing over 100,000 images of animals
and humans in motion, capturing what the human eye could not distinguish as
separate movements. He spent much of his later years giving public lectures and
demonstrations of his photography and early motion picture sequences, traveling
back to England and Europe to publicise his work. He also edited and published
compilations of his work, which greatly influenced visual artists and the developing fields of scientific and industrial
photography. He returned to his native England permanently in 1894, and in
1904, the Kingston Museum, containing a
collection of his equipment, was opened in his hometown.
·
Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many
devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting,
practical electric light bulb. Dubbed "The
Wizard of Menlo Park", he was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production and large-scale teamwork to the process of invention, and
because of that, he is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory.
Edison was a prolific inventor, holding 1,093 US patents in his name, as well as many patents in the United
Kingdom, France, and Germany. More significant than the number of Edison's
patents was the widespread impact of his inventions: electric light and powerutilities, sound recording, and motion pictures all established major new industries world-wide. Edison's
inventions contributed tomass communication and, in particular,
telecommunications. These included a stock ticker, a mechanical vote
recorder, a battery for an electric car, electrical power, recorded music and motion pictures.
His advanced work in these fields was an
outgrowth of his early career as a telegraph operator. Edison developed a system of electric-power
generation and distribution[5] to homes, businesses, and factories – a crucial
development in the modern industrialized world. His first power station was on Pearl Street in Manhattan, New York.
- · The Lumière (pronounced: [lymjɛːʁ]) brothers, Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas [oɡyst maʁi lwi nikɔla] (19 October 1862, Besançon,France – 10 April 1954, Lyon) and Louis Jean [lwi ʒɑ̃] (5 October 1864, Besançon, France – 6 June 1948, Bandol), are credited to be first filmmakers in history. They patented the cinematograph, which contrary to Edison's "peepshow" kinetoscope, the former allowed viewing by multiple parties at once, like current cinema. Their first film, Sortie de l'usine Lumière de Lyon, shot in 1894, is considered the first real motion picture in history. Curiously, their surname, "Lumière", is French for "light".
- A thaumatrope is a toy that was popular in the 19th century. A disk with a picture on each side is attached to two pieces of string. When the strings are twirled quickly between the fingers the two pictures appear to blend into one due to the persistence of vision
- Persistence of vision is the phenomenon of the eye by which an afterimage is thought to persist for approximately one twenty-fifth of a second on the retina. The myth of persistence of vision is the belief that human perception of motion (brain centered) is the result of persistence of vision (eye centred).
- Example of a thaumatrope (click the link) www.youtube.com/watch?v=yD0ovANHdqQ
No comments:
Post a Comment